Income tax is like a contribution that employed or self-employed people and businesses have to give to the government based on how much money they earn. This contribution is very important because it helps the government pay for public services like schools, hospitals, roads, etc. In simple terms, this tax is the money we give to help our government make our country a better place to live.
However, not everyone has to pay income tax. If you’re unemployed, disabled, or retired, you don’t need to pay any earnings tax (however, you still have to pay council tax).
Why is Income Tax Essential?
Now that you know what income tax is, let’s explore why it is essential. This tax is the financial backbone of a country, enabling the government to discharge its duties effectively. It funds essential services such as healthcare, education, and public safety, and it facilitates the construction and maintenance of public infrastructure like roads, bridges, and parks.
Without income levy, the government would struggle to support these foundational aspects of a functional society, potentially leading to systemic collapse.
Who is Obligated to Pay this Tax?
Income tax is a responsibility for most people and businesses that earn money, but it varies based on the source and amount of income. Here’s a deeper look into who needs to pay income tax and who might be exempt:
Who needs to pay?
Employed Individuals: If you work for a company or another person, you’re usually obligated to pay salary tax. This tax is typically taken out of your paychecks, so you don’t have to do much. Every time you get paid, a portion of your salary goes straight to the government as income tax.
Self-Employed Individuals: If you are one of those who work for themselves, like freelancer or a business owner, you also have to pay earnings tax. However, you need to manage this yourself. You must keep track of your income and expenses and report it to the government, usually every quarter, to pay the correct amount of tax.
Investors: If you earn money from investments, like stocks or real estate, you need to pay taxes on the profits or income you make. This includes dividends, interest, and rental income. You must declare this income and pay the necessary taxes, often annually.
Who Might be Exempt from Paying Income Tax?
Some people might not have to pay this tax due to certain circumstances. Here are a few cases where you might be exempted:
Unemployed Individuals: If you don’t have a job and are not earning money usually, you don’t have to pay wage tax. Since you don’t have any earnings, there’s no money for the government to tax you.
Retirees: Are you retired? if yes! Then you don’t have to pay income tax. This depends on how much money you get from pensions, retirement accounts, or other sources. If it’s below a certain amount, you might not owe any income tax.
Disabled Individuals: If you have certain disabilities, you also might not have to pay this tax. This usually depends on your level of income and the type of disability you have. Specific rules and regulations define who qualifies for such exemptions.
While many are required to contribute to income tax, there are exemptions and special cases. So it’s crucial for you to understand your specific circumstances and consult with a tax professional if needed to ensure you are complying with the tax laws and not paying more or less than you owe.
Different Types of Income Tax in the US
In the United States, the system of income tax is diverse and is broken down into several categories to accommodate various sources of income. Below are the different types of income tax and examples to illustrate how they work:
1. Federal Income Tax:
This tax is levied by the federal government on your income, and it’s progressive. This means the more you earn, the higher the rate of tax you have to pay.
Example: If you earn $50,000 annually, you may fall into a lower tax bracket, say 12%, compared to someone earning $200,000, who may be in a 32% tax bracket.
2. State Income Tax:
In addition to federal income tax, most states also impose their own State tax. The structures and rates of this tax vary widely from state to state.
Example: If you live in California, you may be paying a higher state tax compared to someone living in Florida, where there is no tax on your earning.
3. Capital Gains Tax:
This tax is imposed on the profits you make from selling assets like stocks and real estate. The rate of this tax depends on your income and how long you’ve owned the asset.
Example: If you bought a stock for $100 and sold it for $150, you have a capital gain of $50. This $50 is subject to capital gains tax ➔. If you owned the stock for more than a year, you might pay a lower tax rate compared to selling it within a year of purchase.
4. Self-Employment Tax:
If you work for yourself, you have to pay self-employment tax, which covers Social Security and Medicare taxes. This is because traditional employees have these taxes withheld from their paychecks, and their employers match the contributions.
Example: If you’re a freelance graphic designer earning $70,000 a year, you have to calculate and pay self-employment tax to cover both the employer and employee portions of Social Security and Medicare taxes.
5. Payroll Tax:
This is a type of tax that employers deduct directly from the employees’ salaries. It contributes to federal programs like Social Security and Medicare.
Example: If you receive a salary, a certain percentage is deducted automatically from your paycheck for these programs, ensuring you have access to them in the future.
Bottom Line
Income tax is a pivotal contributor to societal welfare and national development, funding essential public services and infrastructure. It is crucial for you to understand your tax obligations, adhere to tax laws, and seek professional advice when needed to avoid severe legal and financial repercussions.
Compliance with income tax laws is not merely a legal obligation but also a contribution to the sustained progress and well-being of society.
